Photography Pioneers

by NASA Goddard Photo and Video
Photography Pioneers
Article by Suzanne VanDeGrift

Photography Pioneers - Hobbies












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In 1475 Paolia Toscanelli placed a bronze ring in a window of the Cathedral of Florence. The sun shines through the hole and, at noon, the image is divided, and shines on the cathedral floor. This was used for telling time and remains to this day. The pinhole camera dates back to the 11Th century There was certainly no need for camera bags back then, since the camera was room sized and had space for one or more people inside. The first published picture of a pinhole camera is a 1544 drawing of the solar eclipse by astronomer, Gemma Frisius. The first published pinhole photographs were by a Scottish scientist, Sir David Brewster in the 1850's. Pinhole cameras are still used to this day, though most are home made and on a much smaller scale, such as the ones we use to safely observe a solar eclipse.Modern day photography dates back to the early 1800's. The word photography is derived from the Greeks; photos meaning light and graphein meaning to draw. The word was first used in 1839 by scientist Sir John FW Herschel to describe a method of recording images. That was 12 years after the first photograph was captured by Frenchman Louis Jacque Mande Daguerre, a professional opera scene painter. This first process took eight hours and he then worked 12 more years to reduce the expose time to under 30 minutes and keep the image from disappearing. These first photographs were exposed on metal that had been sensitized to accept the image and were called Daguerreotypes after their French inventor. Then came the tintype, invented in 1856 by Hamilton Smith. This was a thin sheet of iron used as a base for light sensitive material to produce a photograph.Along came an American from upstate New York, George Eastman, who was very fascinated by photography, but frustrated with what he considered cumbersome exposure methods. He developed a dry photographic plate, patented it in the United States and England and began his first photographic business in 1880. In 1884, he replaced the glass plates with paper rolls allowing multiple images to be taken much more quickly. Four years later, on September 4, 1888 he patented he "roll film camera". You could take your pictures, mail the camera to Kodak who would develop your 100 photos and send them back to you along with another roll of 100 exposures. Sound familiar? The big difference? You used to get your camera back, now you don't!These pioneers would be amazed with the equipment available to us today. We have the digital camera, the SLR,35mm, the camcorder, automatic exposure and automatic focusing, zoom lens and video. We even take pictures with our cellphones, which we can then download onto our computers. We have the luxury of going just about anywhere to

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